JXB Advance Access originally published online on July 28, 2003
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 54, No. 390, pp. 2165-2175,
September 1, 2003
© 2003 Oxford University Press
Both xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal dissipation and the antioxidant system are up-regulated in grape (Vitis labrusca L. cv. Concord) leaves in response to N limitation
Received 28 February 2003; Accepted 20 May 2003
,
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853, USA
* Permanent address: Department of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China. To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 607 255 0599. E-mail: LC89@Cornell.edu
One-year-old grapevines (Vitis labrusca L. cv. Concord) were supplied with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mM nitrogen (N) in a modified Hoagland’s solution twice weekly for 4 weeks. As leaf N decreased in response to N limitation, leaf chlorophyll (Chl) decreased linearly whereas leaf absorptance declined curvilinearly. Compared with high N leaves, low N leaves had lower quantum efficiency of PSII as a result of both an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and an increase in closure of PSII reaction centres at midday under high photon flux density (PFD). Both the xanthophyll cycle pool size on a Chl basis and the conversion of violaxanthin (V) to antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z) at noon increased with decreasing leaf N. NPQ was closely related to A+Z expressed either on a Chl basis or as a percentage of the xanthophyll cycle pool. As leaf N increased, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on a Chl basis decreased linearly; activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) on a Chl basis increased linearly; activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) expressed on the basis of Chl decreased rapidly first, then gradually reached a low level. In response to N limitation, the contents of ascorbate (AsA), dehydroascorbate (DAsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) increased when expressed on a Chl basis, whereas the ratios of both AsA to DAsA and GSH to GSSG decreased. It is concluded that, in addition to decreasing light absorption by lowering Chl concentration, both xanthophyll cycle-dependent thermal energy dissipation and the antioxidant system are up-regulated to protect low N leaves from photo-oxidative damage under high light.
Key words: Antioxidant, grape, nitrogen, thermal dissipation, xanthophyll cycle.
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