Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 396, pp. 485-495, February 1, 2004
© 2004 Oxford University Press
Plants and the Environment |
High temperature stress of Brassica napus during flowering reduces micro- and megagametophyte fertility, induces fruit abortion, and disrupts seed production
Received 12 May 2003; Accepted 14 October 2003
1 Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 306 966 4461. E-mail: bonhamp{at}duke.usask.ca
Abbreviations: HTS, high temperature stress; HSP, heat shock protein; 1WHTS, 1 week high temperature stress; 2WHTS, 2 week high temperature stress; RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
High temperature stress (HTS), during flowering, decreases seed production in many plants. To determine the effect of a moderate HTS on flowering, fruit and seed set in Brassica napus, plants were exposed to a HTS (8/16 h dark/light, 18 °C night, ramped at 2 °C h–1, over 6 h, to 35 °C for 4 h, ramped at 2 °C h–1 back to 23 °C for 6 h) for 1 or 2 weeks after the initiation of flowering. Although flowering on the HTS-treated plants, during both the 1 week and 2 week HTS treatments, was equal to that of control-grown plants, fruit and seed development, as well as seed weight, were significantly reduced. Under HTS, flowers either developed into seedless, parthenocarpic fruit or aborted on the stem. At the cessation of the HTS, plants compensated for the lack of fruit and seed production by increasing the number of lateral inflorescences produced. During the HTS, pollen viability and germinability were slightly reduced. In vitro pollen tube growth at 35 °C, from both control pollen and pollen developed under a HTS, appeared abnormal, however, in vivo tube growth to the micropyle appeared normal. Reciprocal pollination of HTS or control pistils with HTS or control pollen indicated that the combined effects of HTS on both micro- and megagametophytes was required to knock out fruit and seed development. Expression profiles for a subset of HEAT SHOCK PROTEINs (HSP101, HSP70, HSP17.6) showed that both micro- and megagametophytes were thermosensitive despite HTS-induced expression from these genes.
Key words: Heat Shock Protein (HSP), high temperature stress, megagametophyte, microgametophyte, partheno carpic, pollen.
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