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JXB Advance Access originally published online on January 30, 2004
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 397, pp. 663-671, March 1, 2004
© 2004 Oxford University Press

Regulation of Growth, Development and Whole Organism Physiology

Effect of K-252a and abscisic acid on the efflux of citrate from soybean roots

Received 14 August 2003; Accepted 4 November 2003

Hong Shen1,2, Ayalew Ligaba1, Mineo Yamaguchi1, Hiroki Osawa1, Koichi Shibata1, Xiaolong Yan2 and Hideaki Matsumoto1,*

1 Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
2 Laboratory of Plant Nutritional Genetics and Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +81 86 434 1210. E-mail: hmatsumo{at}rib.okayama-u.ac.jp

The Al-induced release of organic acid has been suggested as an important mechanism for Al resistance in plants. In this study, the effect of K-252a and abscisic acid (ABA) on the efflux of citrate was investigated in soybean (Glycine max L.) roots. Al initiated citrate efflux from the root apices 30 min after the addition of Al. The Al-triggered efflux of citrate was sensitive to metabolic inhibitors and anion channel inhibitors. Pretreatment or treatment with K-252a, an inhibitor of protein kinase, severely inhibited the Al-induced efflux of citrate accompanying an increase in Al accumulation and intensified Al-induced root growth inhibition. Al-treatment increased the endogenous level of abscisic acid (ABA) in soybean roots in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while K-252a failed to inhibit the Al-induced increase in endogenous ABA. Exogenous application of ABA increased the activity of citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) by 26.2%, and decreased Al accumulation by 32.3%, respectively. ABA-induced increases in citrate efflux and root elongation were suppressed by K-252a, while ABA could not reverse the K-252a effects. Taken together, these results suggest that ABA is probably involved in the early response, after which K-252a-sensitive protein kinases play a key step in regulating the activity of an anion channel, through which citrate is released from the apical cells of soybean roots.

Key words: Abscisic acid, aluminium, citrate release, K-252a, soybean root.


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