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JXB Advance Access originally published online on June 18, 2004
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 402, pp. 1577-1585, July 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 55, No. 402, © Society for Experimental Biology 2004; all rights reserved

RESEARCH PAPER

Differential responses of growth and nitrogen uptake to organic nitrogen in four gramineous crops

Miwa Okamoto1 and Kensuke Okada2,*

1Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
2Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686 Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +81 29 838 6354. E-mail: okadak{at}affrc.go.jp

The capability to utilize different forms of nitrogen (N) by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was determined in pot experiments. Seedlings were grown for 21 d without N, or with 500 mg N kg–1 soil applied as ammonium nitrate, rice bran or a mixture of rice bran and straw. No treatment-dependent changes of root length, surface area, and fractal dimension were observed. Shoot growth and N uptake in maize and pearl millet correlated with the inorganic N (ammonium and nitrate) concentration in the soil, suggesting that these species depend upon inorganic N uptake. On the other hand, shoot growth and N uptake patterns in sorghum and rice indicated that these two species could compensate low inorganic N levels in the organic material treatments by taking up organic N (proteins). Analysis of N uptake rates in solution culture experiments confirmed that sorghum and rice roots have higher capabilities to absorb protein N than maize and pearl millet.

Key words: Maize, nitrogen uptake rate, organic nitrogen, Oryza sativa, pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, rice, root system morphology, sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays


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