JXB Advance Access originally published online on September 24, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany 2004 55(407):2343-2351; doi:10.1093/jxb/erh276
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RESEARCH PAPER |
Root growth maintenance during water deficits: physiology to functional genomics*
1Department of Agronomy, Plant Sciences Unit, 1-87 Agriculture Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
2Department of Plant Biology and Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
3Department of Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 573 882 1469. E-mail: SharpR{at}missouri.edu
Progress in understanding the network of mechanisms involved in maize primary root growth maintenance under water deficits is reviewed. These include the adjustment of growth zone dimensions, turgor maintenance by osmotic adjustment, and enhanced cell wall loosening. The role of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in maintaining root growth under water deficits is also addressed. The research has taken advantage of kinematic analysis, i.e. characterization of spatial and temporal patterns of cell expansion within the root growth zone. This approach revealed different growth responses to water deficits and ABA deficiency in distinct regions of the root tip. In the apical 3 mm region, elongation is maintained at well-watered rates under severe water deficit, although only in ABA-sufficient roots, whereas the region from 3–7 mm from the apex exhibits maximum elongation in well-watered roots, but progressive inhibition of elongation in roots under water deficit. This knowledge has greatly facilitated discovery of the mechanisms involved in regulating the responses. The spatial resolution with which this system has been characterized and the physiological knowledge gained to date provide a unique and powerful underpinning for functional genomics studies. Characterization of water deficit-induced changes in transcript populations and cell wall protein profiles within the growth zone of the maize primary root is in progress. Initial results from EST and unigene analyses in the tips of well-watered and water-stressed roots highlight the strength of the kinematic approach to transcript profiling.
Key words: Abscisic acid, cell wall extensibility, ESTs, expansins, kinematics, osmotic adjustment
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