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JXB Advance Access originally published online on November 8, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(411):395-406; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri022
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Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 56, No. 411, © Society for Experimental Biology 2004; all rights reserved

RESEARCH PAPER

Plasticity in light reactions of photosynthesis for energy production and photoprotection

Jeffrey A. Cruz1, Thomas J. Avenson1, Atsuko Kanazawa1, Kenji Takizawa1, Gerald E. Edwards2 and David M. Kramer1,*

1Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
2School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +1 509 335 7643. E-mail: dkramer{at}wsu.edu

Plant photosynthesis channels some of the most highly reactive intermediates in biology, in a way that captures a large fraction of their energy to power the plant. A viable photosynthetic apparatus must not only be efficient and robust machinery, but also well integrated into the plant's biochemical and physiological networks. This requires flexibility in its responses to the dramatically changing environmental conditions and biochemical demands. First, the output of the energy-storing light reactions must match the demands of plant metabolism. Second, regulation of the antenna must be flexible to allow responses to diverse challenges that could result in excess light capture and subsequent photoinhibition. Evidence is presented for the interplay of two types of mechanistic flexibility, one that modulates the relative sensitivity of antenna down-regulation to electron flow, and the other, which primarily modulates the output ratio of ATP/NADPH, but also contributes to down-regulation.

Key words: ATP synthase, cyclic electron transfer, proton motive force, qE quenching, water–water cycle


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