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JXB Advance Access originally published online on February 21, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany 2005 56(413):1029-1038; doi:10.1093/jxb/eri096
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Exogenous gibberellins inhibit coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Rubi) seed germination and cause cell death in the embryo

E. A. Amaral da Silva1,2, Peter E. Toorop1, Jaap Nijsse1, J. Derek Bewley2 and Henk W. M. Hilhorst1,*

1Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
2Department of Botany, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Fax: +31 317 484740. E-mail: henk.hilhorst{at}wur.nl

The mechanism of inhibition of coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Rubi) seed germination by exogenous gibberellins (GAs) and the requirement of germination for endogenous GA were studied. Exogenous GA4+7 inhibited coffee seed germination. The response to GA4+7 showed two sensitivity thresholds: a lower one between 0 and 1 µM and a higher one between 10 and 100 µM. However, radicle protrusion in coffee seed depended on the de novo synthesis of GAs. Endogenous GAs were required for embryo cell elongation and endosperm cap weakening. Incubation of coffee seed in exogenous GA4+7 led to loss of embryo viability and dead cells were observed by low temperature scanning microscopy only when the endosperm was surrounding the embryo. The results described here indicate that the inhibition of germination by exogenous GAs is caused by factors that are released from the endosperm during or after its weakening, causing cell death in the embryo and leading to inhibition of radicle protrusion.

Key words: ß-mannosidase, cell death, coffee seed, endo-ß-mannanase, germination, gibberellins, puncture force


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