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JXB Advance Access originally published online on November 6, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(15):4269-4275; doi:10.1093/jxb/erl204
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© 2006 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Nuclear dynamics during the simultaneous and sustained tip growth of multiple root hairs arising from a single root epidermal cell

Mark Jones and Nicholas Smirnoff*

School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: N.Smirnoff{at}exeter.ac.uk

Nuclear dynamics in root hairs, which depends upon the actin cytoskeleton, appears to be an important factor in root-hair tip growth. Previous evidence suggests that there is an absolute requirement for the nucleus to be a fixed distance from the growing root-hair tip for tip growth to proceed. To test this hypothesis, nuclear dynamics were examined in root-hair cells bearing multiple root hairs. The majority of root-hair cells of transgenic plants overexpressing the ROP2 GTPase (ROP2 OX) bear multiple root hairs. Simultaneous and sustained fast tip growth occurred in multiple root hairs of ROP2 OX, with the continual presence of tip-localized cytoplasm in these growing hairs. Nuclear dynamics were imaged in ROP2 OX by co-expressing a transgene encoding a nuclear localization signal (NLS)–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. The nucleus was in continual proximity to one of the growing root-hair tips, whilst the other tip elongated at a similar rate but in the absence of the nucleus from the shank of that root hair. To test whether this phenomenon was an artefact of ROP2 overexpression, nuclear dynamics were examined in wild-type and NLS-GFP transgenic plants. Multiple root hairs on the same cell underwent simultaneous and sustained fast tip growth, with the nucleus lying deep within the shank of only one of these hairs. The nucleus was also moved into the root-hair tip during the severe root-hair tip branching which is characteristic of ROP2 OX transgenic plants. These results suggest that fast tip growth can proceed in some multiple root hairs at extreme distances from the nucleus.

Key words: Nucleus, multiple root hair, nuclear localization signal, ROP2 GTPase, tip growth


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