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JXB Advance Access originally published online on February 17, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(4):971-983; doi:10.1093/jxb/erj083
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. The online version of this article has been published under an Open Access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the Open Access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Society for Experimental Biology are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Characterization of the three Arabidopsis thaliana RAD21 cohesins reveals differential responses to ionizing radiation

J. A. da Costa-Nunes1,4, A. M. Bhatt1, S. O'Shea1, C. E. West2, C. M. Bray3, U. Grossniklaus4 and H. G. Dickinson1,*

1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
2Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
3School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
4Institut für Pflanzenbiologie und Zürich–Basel Plant Science Centre, Universität Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hugh.dickinson{at}plants.ox.ac.uk

The RAD21/REC8 gene family has been implicated in sister chromatid cohesion and DNA repair in several organisms. Unlike most eukaryotes, Arabidopsis thaliana has three RAD21 gene homologues, and their cloning and characterization are reported here. All three genes, AtRAD21.1, AtRAD21.2, and AtRAD21.3, are expressed in tissues rich in cells undergoing cell division, and AtRAD21.3 shows the highest relative level of expression. An increase in steady-state levels of AtRAD21.1 transcript was also observed, specifically after the induction of DNA damage. Phenotypic analysis of the atrad21.1 and atrad21.3 mutants revealed that neither of the single mutants was lethal, probably due to the redundancy in function of the AtRAD21 genes. However, AtRAD21.1 plays a critical role in recovery from DNA damage during seed imbibition, prior to germination, as atrad21.1 mutant seeds are hypersensitive to radiation damage.

Key words: AtRAD21, Arabidopsis, cohesins, DNA-damage, double-strand-break, ionizing radiation, seed


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