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JXB Advance Access originally published online on April 10, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany 2006 57(8):1697-1709; doi:10.1093/jxb/erj160
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

The function of peroxiredoxins in plant organelle redox metabolism

Karl-Josef Dietz*, Simone Jacob, Marie-Luise Oelze, Miriam Laxa, Vanesa Tognetti, Susana Marina Nunes de Miranda, Margarete Baier and Iris Finkemeier

Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: karl-josef.dietz{at}uni-bielefeld.de

In 1996, cDNA sequences referred to as plant peroxiredoxins (Prx), i.e. a 1-Cys Prx and a 2-Cys Prx, were reported from barley. Ten years of research have advanced our understanding of plant Prx as thiol-based peroxide reductases with a broad substrate specificity, ranging from hydrogen peroxide to alkyl hydroperoxides and peroxinitrite. Prx have several features in common. (i) They are abundant proteins that are routinely detected in proteomics approaches. (ii) They interact with proteins such as glutaredoxins, thioredoxins, and cyclophilins as reductants, but also non-dithiol-disulphide exchange proteins. By work with transgenic plants, their activity was shown to (iii) affect metabolic integrity, (iv) protect DNA from damage in vitro and as shown here in vivo, and (v) modulate intracellular signalling related to reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. (vi) In all organisms Prx are encoded by small gene families that are of particular complexity in higher plants. A comparison of the Prx gene families in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana supports previous suggestions on Prx function in specific subcellular and metabolic context. (vii) Prx gene expression and activity are subjected to complex regulation realized by an integration of various signalling pathways. 2-Cys Prx expression depends on redox signals, abscisic acid, and protein kinase cascades. Besides these general properties, the chloroplast Prx have acquired specific roles in the context of photosynthesis. The thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity can be measured in crude plant extracts and contributes significantly to the overall H2O2 detoxification capacity. Thus organellar Prx proteins enable an alternative water–water cycle for detoxification of photochemically produced H2O2, which acts independently from the ascorbate-dependent Asada–Halliwell–Foyer cycle. 2-Cys Prx and Prx Q associate with thylakoid membrane components. The mitochondrial PrxII F is essential for root growth under stress. Following a more general introduction, the paper summarizes present knowledge on plant organellar Prx, addressing Prx in signalling, and also suggests some lines for future research.

Key words: Antioxidant defence, chloroplast, mitochondrion, Oryza sativa (rice), peroxide, peroxiredoxin, redox signalling


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