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JXB Advance Access originally published online on April 23, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany 2007 58(8):2043-2051; doi:10.1093/jxb/erm075
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Published by Oxford University Press [2007] on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

RESEARCH PAPER

Ethylene-sensitive and insensitive regulation of transcription factor expression during in vitro tomato sepal ripening

Glenn E. Bartley* and Betty K. Ishida

Western Regional Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: geb{at}pw.usda.gov

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, formerly Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. VFNT Cherry sepals, when cultured in vitro between 16 °C and 22 °C, change their genetic programme to that of ripening fruit. Previously regulation of a number of transcription factors and a putative G-protein-coupled receptor that may be involved in tomato fruit ripening and cool-temperature sepal morphogenesis had been revealed. Many of those genes such as TAG1, TM4, TM6, AP2-like (LeAP2FR), YABBY2-like (LeYAB2), and LeCOR413-PM1 have not been investigated for ethylene regulation. Ethylene-independent, regulated transcripts may be part of an early signalling process induced or de-repressed by cool temperature that causes a switch in the genetic programme of the sepals. In this paper, ethylene regulation of a number of these and other putative signalling factors are investigated during cool-temperature-induced sepal morphogenesis. 1-Methylcyclopropene was used to block ethylene-induced gene expression by interrupting the ethylene signal transduction pathway that occurs in ripening tomato fruits and presumably in ripening sepals. Transcripts of several putative transcription factors previously shown to be up-regulated during cool-temperature-induced sepal morphogenesis (TAG1, TM4, LeAP2FR) were only slightly or not induced in 1-methylcyclopropene-treated sepals, indicating either direct or indirect ethylene regulation. Two genes, VAHOX1, a homeobox domain leucine-zipper-encoding gene, and LeYAB2, a putative zinc-finger transcription factor-encoding gene, increased in treated and untreated sepals indicating regulation by cool temperatures independently of ethylene.

Key words: Gene expression, homeobox, MADS box, ripening, RT-PCR, sepal, tomato, transcription factor, zinc finger

Received 14 December 2006; Revised 13 March 2007 Accepted 15 March 2007


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