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JXB Advance Access originally published online on June 26, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(12):3531-3544; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp194
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© 2009 The Author(s).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)

RESEARCH PAPER

Differentially expressed genes between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive barley genotypes in response to drought stress during the reproductive stage

Peiguo Guo1, Michael Baum2,*, Stefania Grando2, Salvatore Ceccarelli2, Guihua Bai3, Ronghua Li1, Maria von Korff4, Rajeev K. Varshney5, Andreas Graner6 and Jan Valkoun2

1College of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), PO Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria
3USDA-ARS Plant Science and Entomology Research Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
4Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
5Applied Genomics Laboratory, GT-Biotechnology, ICRISAT, PATANCHERU-502 324, Greater Hyderabad, India
6Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Head, Corrensstrasse 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: m.baum{at}cgiar.org

Drought tolerance is a key trait for increasing and stabilizing barley productivity in dry areas worldwide. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance, and also facilitate the genetic improvement of barley through marker-assisted selection or gene transformation. To monitor the changes in gene expression at the transcriptional level in barley leaves during the reproductive stage under drought conditions, the 22K Affymetrix Barley 1 microarray was used to screen two drought-tolerant barley genotypes, Martin and Hordeum spontaneum 41-1 (HS41-1), and one drought-sensitive genotype Moroc9-75. Seventeen genes were expressed exclusively in the two drought-tolerant genotypes under drought stress, and their encoded proteins may play significant roles in enhancing drought tolerance through controlling stomatal closure via carbon metabolism (NADP malic enzyme, NADP-ME, and pyruvate dehydrogenase, PDH), synthesizing the osmoprotectant glycine-betaine (C-4 sterol methyl oxidase, CSMO), generating protectants against reactive-oxygen-species scavenging (aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH, ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase, ADOR), and stabilizing membranes and proteins (heat-shock protein 17.8, HSP17.8, and dehydrin 3, DHN3). Moreover, 17 genes were abundantly expressed in Martin and HS41-1 compared with Moroc9-75 under both drought and control conditions. These genes were possibly constitutively expressed in drought-tolerant genotypes. Among them, seven known annotated genes might enhance drought tolerance through signalling [such as calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and membrane steroid binding protein (MSBP)], anti-senescence (G2 pea dark accumulated protein, GDA2), and detoxification (glutathione S-transferase, GST) pathways. In addition, 18 genes, including those encoding {Delta}l-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), protein phosphatase 2C-like protein (PP2C), and several chaperones, were differentially expressed in all genotypes under drought; thus they were more likely to be general drought-responsive genes in barley. These results could provide new insights into further understanding of drought-tolerance mechanisms in barley.

Key words: Barley, drought stress, drought tolerance, microarray, reproductive stage

Received 29 August 2008; Revised 18 May 2009 Accepted 20 May 2009


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