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Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(2):353-355; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp012
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Plant Culture

Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art

FEBRUARY: Sea-daffodil and narcissus

Riklef Kandeler1 and Wolfram R. Ullrich2,*

1Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstr. 33, 1180 Wien Austria
2Institute of Botany, Darmstadt University of Technology, Kirchbergweg 6, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: ullrichcw@online.de

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   FEBRUARY: Sea-daffodil and narcissus
 
In February around Europe, North Africa, and Asia, Narcissus flowers are early signs of spring. Pancratium, the sea-daffodil, is a closely related genus, although its flowering season is in later summer. Through antiquity the Narcissus has been used to symbolize the ambiguous character of February. It carries, for example, meanings between violent death and vanity in Greek mythology and idealized depictions of Pancratium were used in Aegean wall decorations. Many poets have celebrated the Narcissus in verse, notably William Wordsworth, and the elevating spirit of his . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Biology
 

   Symbolism
 

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