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JXB Advance Access originally published online on February 26, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(4):1067-1068; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp042
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Plant Culture

Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art

APRIL: Iris

Riklef Kandeler1 and Wolfram R. Ullrich2,*

1Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstr. 33, 1180 Wien, Austria
2Institute of Botany, Darmstadt University of Technology, Kirchbergweg 6, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: ullrichcw@online.de

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   APRIL: Iris
 
The iris is a widely appreciated spring flower that has been associated with a range of symbolic meanings since antiquity. The morphologically rich and beautiful flowers have inspired painters and poets and are honoured in heraldic emblems. Richly coloured, the iris continues to incite many aspects of human mentality and mood.


   Biology
 
The genus Iris of the family Iridaceae is widespread in temperate zones and is represented by about 300 species in the northern hemisphere (holarctic). The flower is characterized by a specialized morphology, the perigonium arising from . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Utility
 

   Symbolism
 

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