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JXB Advance Access originally published online on April 10, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany 2009 60(6):1535-1536; doi:10.1093/jxb/erp087
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Plant Culture

Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art

MAY: Columbine

Riklef Kandeler1 and Wolfram R. Ullrich2,*

1Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstr. 33, 1180 Wien, Austria
2Institute of Botany, Darmstadt University of Technology, Kirchbergweg 6, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: ullrichcw@online.de

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   MAY: Columbine
 
It is a great pleasure to meet the first blue flowers of columbine when walking along woodland edges in May, but it is becoming a rarity in the wild in central Europe. Columbine petals have a quite complicated structure inviting close inspection. Their beauty has attracted poets and painters and they have accumulated symbolic and transcendental meanings, an uplifting plant for scientists and artists alike.

Biology
Aquilegia, called columbine in English, . . . [Full Text of this Article]

Symbolism

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