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JXB Advance Access published online on February 13, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erh065
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received June 24, 2003; accepted November 5, 2003
© 2004 Society for Experimental Biology

Research paper

Solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy shows that the xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) occur in different domains: a new model for xyloglucan-cellulose interactions in the cell wall

Tracey J. Bootten 1, Philip J. Harris 1*, Laurence D. Melton 2, and Roger H. Newman 3

1 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
2 Food Science Programmes, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
3 Industrial Research Limited, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: p.harris{at}auckland.ac.nz.


  Abstract

Xyloglucans (XG) with different mobilities were identified in the primary cell walls of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) by solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy. To improve the signal:noise ratios compared with unlabelled controls, Glc labelled at either C-1 or C-4 with 13C-isotope was incorporated into the cell-wall polysaccharides of mung bean hypocotyls. Using cell walls from seedlings labelled with D-[1-13C]glucose and, by exploiting the differences in rotating-frame and spin-spin proton relaxation, a small signal was detected which was assigned to Xyl of XGs with rigid glucan backbones. After labelling seedlings with D-[4-13C]glucose and using a novel combination of spin-echo spectroscopy with proton spin relaxation-editing, signals were detected that had 13C-spin relaxations and chemical shifts which were assigned to partly-rigid XGs surrounded by mobile non-cellulosic polysaccharides. Although quantification of these two mobility types of XG was difficult, the results indicated that the partly-rigid XGs were predominant in the cell walls. The results lend support to the postulated new cell-wall models in which only a small proportion of the total surface area of the cellulose microfibrils has XG adsorbed on to it. In these new models, the partly-rigid XGs form cross-links between adjacent cellulose microfibrils and/or between cellulose microfibrils and other non-cellulosic polysaccharides, such as pectic polysaccharides.

Key words: Cellulose microfibrils, cell-wall models, primary cell wall, solid-state 13C NMR, Vigna radiata, xyloglucan.


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