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JXB Advance Access published online on May 7, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erh146
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received February 17, 2004; accepted March 20, 2004
© 2004 Society for Experimental Biology

RESEARCH PAPER

Combining thermal and visible imagery for estimating canopy temperature and identifying plant stress

Ilkka Leinonen 1* and Hamlyn G. Jones 1

1 University of Dundee at SCRI, Plant Science Research Group, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: i.leinonen{at}scri.sari.ac.uk.


  Abstract

Thermal imaging is a potential tool for estimating plant temperature, which can be used as an indicator of stomatal closure and water deficit stress. In this study, a new method for processing and analysing thermal images was developed. By using remote sensing software, the information from thermal and visible images was combined, the images were classified to identify leaf area and sunlit and shaded parts of the canopy, and the temperature statistics for specific canopy components were calculated. The method was applied to data from a greenhouse water-stress experiment of Vicia faba L. and to field data for Vitis vinifera L. Vaseline-covered and water-sprayed plants were used as dry and wet references, respectively, and two thermal indices, based on temperature differences between the canopy and reference surfaces, were calculated for single Vicia faba plants. The thermal indices were compared with measured stomatal conductance. The temperature distributions of sunlit and shaded leaf area of Vitis vinifera canopies from natural rainfall and irrigation treatments were compared. The present method provides two major improvements compared with earlier methods for calculating thermal indices. First, it allows more accurate estimation of the indices, which are consequently more closely related to stomatal conductance. Second, it gives more accurate estimates of the temperature distribution of the shaded and sunlit parts of canopy, and, unlike the earlier methods, makes it possible to quantify the relationship between temperature variation and stomatal conductance.

Key words: Infrared thermography, remote sensing, stomatal conductance, Vicia faba, Vitis vinifera.


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