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JXB Advance Access published online on June 18, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erh167
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received December 31, 2003; accepted April 14, 2004
© 2004 Society for Experimental Biology

RESEARCH PAPER

Differential responses of growth and nitrogen uptake to organic nitrogen in four gramineous crops

Miwa Okamoto 1 and Kensuke Okada 2*

1 Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657 Japan
2 Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686 Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: okadak{at}affrc.go.jp.


  Abstract

The capability to utilize different forms of nitrogen (N) by sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) was determined in pot experiments. Seedlings were grown for 21 d without N, or with 500 mg N kg-1 soil applied as ammonium nitrate, rice bran or a mixture of rice bran and straw. No treatment-dependent changes of root length, surface area, and fractal dimension were observed. Shoot growth and N uptake in maize and pearl millet correlated with the inorganic N (ammonium and nitrate) concentration in the soil, suggesting that these species depend upon inorganic N uptake. On the other hand, shoot growth and N uptake patterns in sorghum and rice indicated that these two species could compensate low inorganic N levels in the organic material treatments by taking up organic N (proteins). Analysis of N uptake rates in solution culture experiments confirmed that sorghum and rice roots have higher capabilities to absorb protein N than maize and pearl millet.

Keywords: Maize, nitrogen uptake rate, organic nitrogen, Oryza sativa, pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, rice, root system morphology, sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, Zea mays


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