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JXB Advance Access published online on November 8, 2004
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/eri018
© 2004 by Oxford University Press
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Received March 5, 2004
Accepted August 25, 2004

RESEARCH PAPER

Selective transcriptional down-regulation of anther invertases precedes the failure of pollen development in water-stressed wheat

P. K. Koonjul 1, J. S. Minhas 2, C. Nunes 3, I. S. Sheoran 4, and H. S. Saini 1*

1 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101, rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal H1X 2B2, Canada
2 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101, rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal H1X 2B2, Canada; Present address: Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India 171 001
3 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101, rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal H1X 2B2, Canada; Present address: Collège Bois-de-Boulogne, 10555, Ave de Bois-de-Boulogne, Montreal H4N 1L4, Canada
4 Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101, rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal H1X 2B2, Canada; Present address: Department of Biology, 112 Science Place, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5E2, Canada

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
H. S. Saini, E-mail: hs.saini{at}umontreal.ca


  Abstract

Water deficit during male meiosis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) causes pollen sterility. With a view to identifying the internal trigger for this failure, it was found that water stress specifically impairs the activities of vacuolar and cell-wall invertases in anthers prior to the arrest of pollen development. The enzymes are affected only when water deficit occurs around meiosis. Three invertase cDNAs, two encoding the cell-wall (Ivr1, Ivr3) and one the vacuolar (Ivr5) isoform, were isolated from an anther cDNA library. RNA gel-blot analysis using floral organs of well-watered plants revealed that these genes were expressed preferentially, though not exclusively, in anthers. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that transitory water deficit during meiosis selectively down-regulated the transcription of two of the three genes, one encoding the vacuolar (Ivr5) and the other a cell-wall (Ivr1) isoform, without affecting the Ivr3 message. Their expression did not recover upon resumption of watering. Another homologue of Ivr1 was also down-regulated, but only during the post-stress period. The stress effects on invertase transcripts were consistent with those on the developmental profiles of the corresponding enzyme activities. In situ hybridization revealed that the stress-sensitive invertase genes, unlike an insensitive one, were expressed within the microspores. No evidence for an invertase inhibitor under stress was found. Together the results show that the decline in invertase activity is probably regulated primarily at the transcriptional level in a gene- and cell-specific manner.

Keywords: Gene expression; invertase; male sterility; pollen development; sugar metabolism; reproduction; water stress.
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