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JXB Advance Access published online on January 10, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/eri078
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Journal of Experimental Botany © Society for Experimental Biology 2005; all rights reserved
Received July 27, 2004
Accepted November 9, 2004

RESEARCH PAPER

RP-ACS1, a flooding-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene of Rumex palustris, is involved in rhythmic ethylene production

Ivo Rieu 1, Simona M. Cristescu 2, Frans J. M. Harren 2, Wim Huibers 3, Laurentius A. C. J. Voesenek 3, Celestina Mariani 4, and Wim H. Vriezen 4*

1 Department of Experimental Botany, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Present address: Rothamsted Research, Division Crop Performance and Improvement, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
2 Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3 Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
4 Department of Experimental Botany, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Wim H. Vriezen, E-mail: w.vriezen{at}science.ru.nl


  Abstract

Many semi-aquatic plants respond to flooding by elongating the shoot to reach the water surface. This response is initiated by accumulation of ethylene in the plant due to decreased gas-exchange and continued ethylene production during submergence. Ethylene biosynthesis is often limited by the availability of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, synthesized by ACC synthase. Here, is reported the cloning of a Rumex palustris cDNA corresponding to an ACC synthase gene (RP-ACS1), whose expression is induced by submergence in the long term but does not precede the observed short-term increase in ACS activity. Under aerated conditions, RP-ACS1 messenger accumulation exhibited circadian rhythmicity with high levels in the dark phase and low levels in the light phase, similar to the oscillations in ethylene production under these conditions. ACC oxidase (RP-ACO1) messenger accumulation also showed a rhythmic pattern, but opposite to that of RP-ACS1, and closely resembled the ethylene oscillation found in R. palustris plants that were waterlogged. Together the results indicate that transcriptional regulation of RP-ACS1 may directly control rhythmic ethylene production under aerated condition and suggest that post-transcriptional regulation is important in initial up-regulation of ACS activity upon submergence.

Keywords: Ethylene; ACC synthase; submergence; Rumex; circadian rhythm.
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