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JXB Advance Access published online on February 14, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/eri101
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Journal of Experimental Botany © Society for Experimental Biology 2005; all rights reserved
Received August 30, 2004
Accepted December 8, 2004

RESEARCH PAPER

Light and an exogenous transcription factor qualitatively and quantitatively affect the biosynthetic pathway of condensed tannins in Lotus corniculatus leaves

Francesco Paolocci 1, Tessa Bovone 1, Nicola Tosti 1, Sergio Arcioni 1, and Francesco Damiani 1*

1 Istituto di Genetica Vegetale sez. Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, I-06128 Perugia, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Francesco Damiani, E-mail: francesco.damiani{at}igv.cnr.it


  Abstract

The effects of increasing light and of a heterologous bHLH transcription factor on the accumulation of condensed tannins (CT) were investigated in leaves of Lotus corniculatus, a model legume species which accumulates these secondary metabolites in leaves as well as reproductive tissues. Light and expression of the transgene increased the level of CT in a synergistic way. To monitor how the changes in accumulation of condensed tannins were achieved, the level of expression of four key genes in the flavonoid pathway was estimated by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Early genes of the pathway (PAL and CHS) were affected less in their expression and so appeared to be less involved in influencing the final level of CT than later genes in the pathway (DFR and ANS). Steady-state levels of DFR and ANS transcripts showed a strong positive correlation with CT and these genes might be considered the first rate-limiting steps in CT biosynthesis in Lotus leaves. However, additional factors mediated by light are limiting CT accumulation once these genes are up-regulated by the transgene. Therefore, the increment of the steady-state mRNA level for DFR and ANS might not be sufficient to up-regulate condensed tannins in leaves. The real-time RT-PCR approach adopted showed that members within the CHS and DFR gene families are differentially regulated by the exogenous bHLH gene and light. This finding is discussed in relation to the approaches for controlling CT biosynthesis and for studying the expression profile of multi-gene families.

Keywords: ANS; CHS; condensed tannins; DFR; elongation factor; gene expression; light intensity; Lotus corniculatus; PAL; real-time RT-PCR.
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