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JXB Advance Access published online on March 14, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/eri135
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received November 22, 2004
Accepted February 13, 2005

RESEARCH PAPER

Detection and quantification of ligands involved in nickel detoxification in a herbaceous Ni hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii Bailey

Naveen P. Bhatia 1, Kerry B. Walsh 2, and Alan J. M. Baker 3*

1 Primary Industries Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia; Present address: Environment Division, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), PMB 1 Lucas Heights, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia
2 Primary Industries Research Centre, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
3 School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Alan J. M. Baker, E-mail: ajmb{at}unimelb.edu.au


  Abstract

Field-collected, young plants of Ni hyperaccumulator Stackhousia tryonii, grown in a glasshouse for 20 weeks, were exposed to low- (available Ni concentration in the native serpentine soil, i.e. 60 µg g-1 dry soil) and high- (external application of 1000 ppm) Ni concentrations in the substrate. Nickel concentration in the freeze-dried leaf tissues increased from 3700 µg g-1 to 13 700 µg g-1 with soil Ni supplementation, of which >60% was extracted with dilute acid (0.025 M HCl). Nickel supplementation also elicited a 575%, 211%, and 37% increase in the final concentrations of oxalic, citric, and malic acids, respectively, in leaf tissues. Malic acid was the dominant organic acid, followed by citric and oxalic acids. The molar ratio of Ni to malic acid was 1.0, consistent with a role for malate as a ligand for Ni in hyperaccumulating plants, supporting detoxification/transport and storage of this heavy metal in S. tryonii. The total amino acid concentrations in the xylem sap did not change with Ni supplementation (21.7±3.7 mM and 17.9±5 mM, respectively, for low- and high-nickel-treated plants). Glutamine was the major amino acid in both the low- and high-Ni-treated plants. The concentration of glutamine decreased by >60%, with a corresponding increase in alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, on exposure to high Ni. A role of amino acids in Ni complexation and transport in S. tryonii is not immediately apparent.

Keywords: Amino acids; metal hyperaccumulation; nickel (Ni); organic acids; Stackhousia tryonii Bailey.
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