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JXB Advance Access published online on April 4, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/eri143
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Received October 27, 2004
Accepted February 23, 2005

RESEARCH PAPER

Input-output analysis of in vivo photoassimilate translocation using Positron-Emitting Tracer Imaging System (PETIS) data

Anna J. Keutgen 1*, Norbert Keutgen 2, Shinpei Matsuhashi 2, Chizuko Mizuniwa 2, Takehito Ito 2, Takashi Fujimura 2, Noriko-Shigeta Ishioka 3, Satoshi Watanabe 3, Akihiko Osa 3, Toshiaki Sekine 3, Hiroshi Uchida 4, Atsunori Tsuji 4, and Shoji Hashimoto 2

1 Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gunma 370-1207, Japan; Present address and to whom correspondence should be sent: Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany. Fax: +49 551 395570
2 Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gunma 370-1207, Japan
3 Department of Radioisotopes, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Gunma 370-1207, Japan
4 Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Shizuoka 434-0041, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Anna J. Keutgen, E-mail: Akeutge{at}gwdg.de


  Abstract

The Positron-Emitting Tracer Imaging System (PETIS) is introduced for monitoring the distribution of 11C-labelled photoassimilates in Sorghum. The obtained two-dimensional image data were quantitatively analysed using a transfer function analysis approach. While one half of a Sorghum root in a split root system was treated with either 0, 100, or 500 mM NaCl dissolved in the nutrient solution, tracer images of the root halves and the lower stem section were recorded using PETIS. From the observed tracer levels, parameters were estimated, from which the mean speed of tracer transport and the proportion of tracer moved between specified image positions were deduced. Transport speed varied between 0.7 and 1.8 cm min-1 with the difference depending on which part of the stem was involved. When data were collected in the lowest 0.5-1 cm of the stem, which included the point where the roots emerge, transport speed was less. Rapid changes in NaCl concentration, from 0 to 100 mM, resulted in short-term increases of assimilate import into the treated root. This response represented a transient osmotic effect, that was compensated for in the medium-term by osmotic adaptation. Higher concentrations of NaCl (500 mM) resulted in distinctly less photoassimilate transport into the treated root half. The present results agree with earlier observations, showing that transport of 11C-labelled photoassimilates measured with the PETIS detector system can be quantified using the method of input-output analysis. It is worth noting that with the PETIS detector system, areas of interest do not need to be defined until after data collection. This means that unexpected behaviour of a plant organ will be seen, which is not necessarily the case with conventional detector systems looking at predefined areas of interest.

Keywords: 11C carbon; short-lived radioisotope; transfer function analysis.
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