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JXB Advance Access published online on August 1, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/eri249
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved.
Received February 11, 2005
Accepted June 17, 2005

RESEARCH PAPER

Evidence for carbon flux shortage and strong carbon/nitrogen interactions in pea nodules at early stages of water stress

Loli Gálvez 1, Esther M. González 1, and Cesar Arrese-Igor 1*

1 Departamento de Ciencias del Medio Natural, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cesar Arrese-Igor, E-mail: cesarai{at}unavarra.es


  Abstract

Symbiotic N2 fixation in legume nodules declines under a wide range of environmental stresses. A high correlation between N2 fixation decline and sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13) activity down-regulation has been reported, although it has still to be elucidated whether a causal relationship between SS activity down-regulation and N2 fixation decline can be established. In order to study the likely C/N interactions within nodules and the effects on N2 fixation, pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Sugar snap) were subjected to progressive water stress by withholding irrigation. Under these conditions, nodule SS activity declined concomitantly with apparent nitrogenase activity. The levels of UDP-glucose, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, and fructose-6-phosphate decreased in water-stressed nodules compared with unstressed nodules. Drought also had a marked effect on nodule concentrations of malate, succinate, and {alpha}-ketoglutarate. Moreover, a general decline in nodule adenylate content was detected. NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH; EC 1.1.1.42) was the only enzyme whose activity increased as a result of water deficit, compensating for a possible C/N imbalance and/or supplying NADPH in circumstances that the pentose phosphate pathway was impaired, as suggested by the decline in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH; EC 1.1.1.49) activity. The overall results show the occurrence of strong C/N interactions in nodules subjected to water stress and support a likely limitation of carbon flux that might be involved in the decline of N2 fixation under drought.

Keywords: Drought; isocitrate dehydrogenase; nitrogen fixation; nodule metabolism; pentose phosphate pathway; Pisum sativum L.; sucrose synthase; sugar-phosphates.
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