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JXB Advance Access published online on September 5, 2005
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/eri272
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© The Author [2005]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved.
Received April 13, 2005
Accepted July 28, 2005

RESEARCH PAPER

Characterization of hydrophilic and lipophilic pathways of Hedera helix L. cuticular membranes: permeation of water and uncharged organic compounds

Christian Popp 1, Markus Burghardt 1, Adrian Friedmann 2, and Markus Riederer 1*

1 Julius-von-Sachs-Insitut für Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl für Botanik II, Universität Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
2 Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Markus Riederer, E-mail: riederer{at}botanik.uni-wuerzburg.de


  Abstract

The permeability of astomatous leaf cuticular membranes of Hedera helix L. was measured for uncharged hydrophilic (octanol/water partition coefficient log KO/W ≤0) and lipophilic compounds (log KO/W >0). The set of compounds included lipophilic plant protection agents, hydrophilic carbohydrates, and the volatile compounds water and ethanol. Plotting the mobility of the model compounds versus the molar volume resulted in a clear differentiation between a lipophilic and a hydrophilic pathway. The size selectivity of the lipophilic pathway was described by the free volume theory. The pronounced tortuosity of the diffusional path was caused by cuticular waxes, leading to an increase in permeance for the lipophilic compounds after wax extraction. The size selectivity of the hydrophilic pathway was described by hindered diffusion in narrow pores of molecular dimensions. A distinct increase in size selectivity was observed for hydrophilic compounds with a molar volume higher than 110 cm3 mol-1. Correspondingly, the size distribution of passable hydrophilic pathways was interpreted as a normal distribution with a mean pore radius of 0.3 nm and a standard deviation of 0.02 nm. The increased permeance of the hydrophilic compounds by the removal of cuticular waxes was attributed to an increase in the porosity, a decrease in the tortuosity, and a widening of the pore size distribution. Cuticular transpiration resulted from the permeation of water across the hydrophilic pathway. The far-reaching implications of two parallel pathways for the establishment of correlations between cuticular structure, chemistry, and function are discussed.

Keywords: Carbohydrates; partition coefficient; permeability; permeance; plant cuticle; water.
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