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JXB Advance Access published online on January 31, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erj064
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. The online version of this article has been published under an Open Access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the Open Access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Society for Experimental Biology are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received August 13, 2005
Accepted November 9, 2005

RESEARCH PAPER

Arabidopsis thaliana Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel 3 forms a non-selective ion transporter involved in germination and cation transport

Anthony Gobert 1, Graeme Park 1, Anna Amtmann 2, Dale Sanders 1, and Frans J. M. Maathuis 1 *

1 Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
2 Plant Sciences Group, Institute for Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Frans J. M. Maathuis, E-mail: fjm3{at}york.ac.uk


  Abstract

The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains 20 cyclic nucleotide gated channel (CNGC) genes encoding putative non-selective ion channels. Classical and reverse genetic approaches have revealed that two members of this family (CNGC2 and CNGC4) play a role in plant defence responses whereas CNGC1 and CNGC10 may participate in heavy metal and cation transport. Yet, it remains to be resolved how the ion transport attributes of CNGCs are integrated into their physiological function. In this study, CNGC3 is characterized through heterologous expression, GUS- and GFP-reporter gene fusions, and by adopting a reverse genetics approach. A CNGC3-GFP fusion protein shows that it is mainly targeted to the plasma membrane. Promoter GUS studies demonstrate CNGC3 expression predominantly in the cortical and epidermal root cells, but also a ubiquitous presence in shoot tissues. Expression of CNGC3 in yeast indicates it can function as a Na+ uptake and a K+ uptake mechanism. cngc3 null mutations decreased seed germination in the presence of NaCl but not KCl. Relative to the wild type, mutant seedling growth is more resistant to the presence of toxic concentrations of NaCl and KCl. The ionic composition and ion uptake characteristics of wild-type and mutant seedlings suggests that the growth advantage in these conditions may be due to restricted ion influx in mutant plants, and that CNGC3 functions in the non-selective uptake of monovalent cations in Arabidopsis root tissue.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; cation; CNGC3; Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Channel; germination.
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