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JXB Advance Access published online on February 17, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erj083
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. The online version of this article has been published under an Open Access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the Open Access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and the Society for Experimental Biology are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received July 28, 2005
Accepted December 4, 2005

RESEARCH PAPER

Characterization of the three Arabidopsis thaliana RAD21 cohesins reveals differential responses to ionizing radiation

J. A. da Costa-Nunes 1, A. M. Bhatt 2, S. O'Shea 2, C. E. West 3, C. M. Bray 4, U. Grossniklaus 5, and H. G. Dickinson 2 *

1 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK; Institut für Pflanzenbiologie und Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, Universität Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
3 Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
4 School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
5 Institut für Pflanzenbiologie und Zürich-Basel Plant Science Centre, Universität Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
H. G. Dickinson, E-mail: hugh.dickinson{at}plants.ox.ac.uk


  Abstract

The RAD21/REC8 gene family has been implicated in sister chromatid cohesion and DNA repair in several organisms. Unlike most eukaryotes, Arabidopsis thaliana has three RAD21 gene homologues, and their cloning and characterization are reported here. All three genes, AtRAD21.1, AtRAD21.2, and AtRAD21.3, are expressed in tissues rich in cells undergoing cell division, and AtRAD21.3 shows the highest relative level of expression. An increase in steady-state levels of AtRAD21.1 transcript was also observed, specifically after the induction of DNA damage. Phenotypic analysis of the atrad21.1 and atrad21.3 mutants revealed that neither of the single mutants was lethal, probably due to the redundancy in function of the AtRAD21 genes. However, AtRAD21.1 plays a critical role in recovery from DNA damage during seed imbibition, prior to germination, as atrad21.1 mutant seeds are hypersensitive to radiation damage.

Keywords: AtRAD21; Arabidopsis; cohesins; DNA-damage; double-strand-break; ionizing radiation; seed.
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