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JXB Advance Access published online on May 11, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erj146
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received October 14, 2005
Accepted February 2, 2006

RESEARCH PAPER

Early events in the perception of lipopolysaccharides in the brown alga Laminaria digitata include an oxidative burst and activation of fatty acid oxidation cascades

Frithjof C. Küpper 1 *, Emmanuel Gaquerel 2, Eva-Maria Boneberg 3, Siegfried Morath 3, Jean-Pierre Salaün 2, and Philippe Potin 4

1 Station Biologique, UMR 7139 CNRS-UPMC and LIA ‘DIAMS’, BP 74, F-29682 Roscoff, Brittany, France; Universität Konstanz, Department of Biology, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
2 Station Biologique, UMR 7139 CNRS-UPMC and LIA ‘DIAMS’, BP 74, F-29682 Roscoff, Brittany, France; CNRS-UMR 7139, Laboratorie de Biochimie, Faculté de Médecine de Brest, CS 93837-29238 Brest Cédex3, France
3 Universität Konstanz, Department of Biology, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
4 Station Biologique, UMR 7139 CNRS-UPMC and LIA ‘DIAMS’, BP 74, F-29682 Roscoff, Brittany, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Frithjof C. Küpper, E-mail: fck{at}sams.ac.uk


  Abstract

This study provides evidence that bacterial lipopolysaccharides can be strong triggers of early events of defence reactions in the brown algal kelp Laminaria digitata, constituting the first report of a biological activity of this class of macromolecules in a marine alga. The early events include an oxidative burst, release of free saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FFAs) and accumulation of oxylipins such as 13-hydroxyoctadecatrienoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid. The formation of reactive oxygen species can be inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, suggesting that the source is an NAD(P)H oxidase and is similar to the oxidative burst in neutrophils and terrestrial plants. In addition and besides triggering an oxidative burst, the hypolipidemic drug clofibrate also induces the release of FFAs, to a lesser extent than lipopolysaccharides, but it does not induce oxylipin production. Other strong inducers of the oxidative burst in Laminaria such as oligoguluronates could not induce the release of FFAs nor oxylipin production. These results suggest that different signalling pathways are involved in the induction of the oxidative burst and oxylipin production.

Keywords: Clofibrate; endotoxin; fatty acids; lipase; LPS; oxidative burst; oxylipin; Salmonella; Marinobacter.
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