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JXB Advance Access published online on May 12, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erj196
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received January 13, 2006
Accepted March 14, 2006

Oxygen Metabolism Special Issue

Controlled levels of salicylic acid are required for optimal photosynthesis and redox homeostasis

Alfonso Mateo 1 *, Dietmar Funck 2 *, Per Mühlenbock 1, Baldeep Kular 3, Philip M. Mullineaux 4, and Stanislaw Karpinski 5 *

1 Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
2 Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Present address: Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Konstanz University, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
3 Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
5 Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Stanislaw Karpinski, E-mail: Stanislaw.Karpinski{at}botan.su.se


  Abstract

Sudden exposure of plants to high light (HL) leads to metabolic and physiological disruption of the photosynthetic cells. Changes in ROS content, adjustment of photosynthetic processes and the antioxidant pools and, ultimately, gene induction are essential components for a successful acclimation to the new light conditions. The influence of salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth, short-term acclimation to HL, and on the redox homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was assessed here. The dwarf phenotype displayed by mutants with high SA content (cpr1-1, cpr5-1, cpr6-1, and dnd1-1) was less pronounced when these plants were grown in HL, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of SA on growth was partly overcome at higher light intensities. Moreover, higher SA content affected energy conversion processes in low light, but did not impair short-term acclimation to HL. On the other hand, mutants with low foliar SA content (NahG and sid2-2) were impaired in acclimation to transient exposure to HL and thus predisposed to oxidative stress. Low and high SA levels were strictly correlated to a lower and higher foliar H2O2 content, respectively. Furthermore high SA was also associated with higher GSH contents, suggesting a tight correlation between SA, H2O2 and GSH contents in plants. These observations implied an essential role of SA in the acclimation processes and in regulating the redox homeostasis of the cell. Implications for the role of SA in pathogen defence signalling are also discussed.

Keywords: Arabidopsis; cross tolerance; defence reactions; glutathione; hydrogen peroxide; light acclimation; photo-oxidative stress; photosynthesis; redox signalling; salicylic acid.

*These authors contributed equally to this work.


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