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JXB Advance Access published online on September 15, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erl105
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received May 19, 2005
Accepted June 30, 2006

Major Themes in Flowering Research Special Issue

Molecular genetic studies of the memory of winter

Sibum Sung 1 and Richard M. Amasino 1 *

1 Department of Biochemistry, 433 Babcock Drive, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Richard M. Amasino, E-mail: amasino{at}biochem.wisc.edu


  Abstract

Many plant species have evolved the ability to flower in the proper season by sensing environmental cues. The prolonged cold of winter is one such cue that certain plants use to acquire competence to flower the following spring. For example, biennials and winter annuals become established in one growing season and often flower quickly in the early spring of the following year to complete their life cycles. The process by which exposure to prolonged cold establishes competence to flower is known as vernalization. Many studies, starting with the classic work of Lang and Melchers, have shown that the vernalized state can be stable; i.e. after exposure to cold has ended, competence to flower, in certain species, can persist for many months and throughout many cell divisions in the shoot apical meristem. Thus, plants can exhibit a ‘memory of winter’ and vernalization can result in an epigenetic switch in the classic sense of the term: a change that is stable in the absence of the inducing signal. The nature of this epigenetic switch in Arabidopsis thaliana is discussed here.

Keywords: Chromatin remodelling; epigenetics; histone code; memory of winter; vernalization.
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