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JXB Advance Access published online on October 10, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erl153
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received April 13, 2006
Accepted August 3, 2006

Imaging Stress Responses in Plants Special Issue

Exploring thermal imaging variables for the detection of stress responses in grapevine under different irrigation regimes

Olga M. Grant 1 *, Lukasz Tronina 2, Hamlyn G. Jones 3, and M. Manuela Chaves 4

1 Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Present address: East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent, UK
2 Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
3 Division of Environmental and Applied Biology, University of Dundee at SCRI, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
4 Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Molecular, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento Botânica e Engenharia Biológica, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Olga M. Grant, E-mail: olga.grant{at}emr.ac.uk


  Abstract

Temperatures of leaves or canopies can be used as indicators of stomatal closure in response to soil water deficit. In 2 years of field experiments with grapevines (Vitis vinifera L., cvs Castelão and Aragonês), it was found that thermal imaging can distinguish between irrigated and non-irrigated canopies, and even between deficit irrigation treatments. Average canopy temperature was inversely correlated with stomatal conductance measured with a porometer. Variation of the distribution of temperatures within canopies was not found to be a reliable indicator of stress. A large degree of variation between images was found in reference ‘wet’ and ‘dry’ leaves used in the first year for the calculation of an index proportional to stomatal conductance. In the second year, fully irrigated (FI) (100% Etc) and non-irrigated (NI) canopies were used as alternatives to wet and dry leaves. A crop water stress index utilizing these FI and NI ‘references’, where stressed canopies have the highest values and non-stressed canopies have the lowest values, was found to be a suitable measure for detecting stress. It is suggested that the average temperatures of areas of canopies containing several leaves may be more useful for distinguishing between irrigation treatments than the temperatures of individual leaves. Average temperatures over several leaves per canopy may be expected to reduce the impact of variation in leaf angles. The results are discussed in relation to the application of thermal imaging to irrigation scheduling and monitoring crop performance.

Keywords: Leaf angle; leaf temperature; partial rootzone drying; regulated deficit irrigation; stomatal conductance; thermography; Vitis vinifera; water deficit.
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