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JXB Advance Access published online on October 30, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erl170
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received May 26, 2006
Accepted August 24, 2006

RESEARCH PAPER

Proteome changes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots upon exposure to Cd2+

Udo Roth 1 *, Edda von Roepenack-Lahaye 2 *, and Stephan Clemens 2 *

1 Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany; Present address: QIAGEN GmbH, Hilden, Germany
2 Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Stephan Clemens, E-mail: sclemens{at}ipb-halle.de


  Abstract

Cadmium is a major environmental pollutant that enters human food via accumulation in crop plants. Responses of plants to cadmium exposure--which directly influence accumulation rates--are not well understood. In general, little is known about stress-elicited changes in plants at the proteome level. Alterations in the root proteome of hydroponically grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated with 10 µM Cd2+ for 24 h are reported here. These conditions trigger the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs), glutathione-derived metal-binding peptides, shown here as PC2 accumulation. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis using different pH gradients in the first dimension detected on average ~1100 spots per gel type. Forty-one spots indicated significant changes in protein abundance upon Cd2+ treatment. Seventeen proteins found in 25 spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Selected results were independently confirmed by western analysis and selective enrichment of a protein family (glutathione S-transferases) through affinity chromatography. Most of the identified proteins belong to four different classes: metabolic enzymes such as ATP sulphurylase, glycine hydroxymethyltransferase, and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase; glutathione S-transferases; latex allergen-like proteins; and unknown proteins. These results represent a basis for reverse genetics studies to better understand plant responses to toxic metal exposure and to the generation of internal sinks for reduced sulphur.

Keywords: Cadmium; heavy metal accumulation; heavy metal tolerance; MALDI-TOF-MS; phytochelatins; proteomics.

*These authors contributed equally to the work.


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