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JXB Advance Access published online on November 21, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erl209
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received June 29, 2006
Revised September 12, 2006
Accepted September 19, 2006

RESEARCH PAPER

Suillus variegatus causes significant changes in the content of individual polyamines and flavonoids in Scots pine seedlings during mycorrhiza formation in vitro

Karoliina Niemi 1 *, Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto 2, Hely Häggman 3, and Tytti Sarjala 4

1 Department of Applied Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
2 Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
3 Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
4 Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Research Unit, 39700 Parkano, Finland

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Karoliina Niemi, E-mail: Karoliina.Niemi{at}helsinki.fi


  Abstract

Changes in the concentrations of individual flavonoids and polyamines (PAs) in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) cotyledonary seedlings were studied during the establishment of an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis with two Suillus variegatus strains in vitro. Both flavonoids and PAs were analysed after 3, 7, and 14 d in dual culture, and changes in concentrations were compared with growth of the seedlings. Both S. variegatus strains caused similar responses in Scots pine seedlings. Free putrescine accumulated immediately but only transiently after inoculation. This was followed by continuous accumulation of PA conjugates in needles and stems, and free spermidine and spermine in roots, which was accompanied by mycorrhiza formation and improved growth. The fungi induced lateral root formation and main root and primary needle elongation. Inoculation caused no qualitative changes in flavonoid composition, while quantitative changes in flavonols, catechins, and condensed tannins were observed in shoots during mycorrhiza formation. These results indicate that in this in vitro system conjugated PAs and specific flavonoids, generally related to the plant's defence reactions, did not play a major role in the regulation of the establishment of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis in Scots pine roots. The results also clearly show that positive growth responses in shoots and roots due to S. variegatus were supported by different and highly specific changes in the synthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites in these parts of the seedling.

Keywords: Ectomycorrhizas; flavonoids; Pinus sylvestris; polyamines; Suillus variegatus.
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