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JXB Advance Access published online on January 19, 2007
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erl241
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© The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Developmental and genetic variation in nuclear microsatellite stability during somatic embryogenesis in pine

K Burg1,*, A Helmersson2, P Bozhkov2 and S von Arnold2

1Austrian Research Center Seibersdorf GmbH, Department of Bioresources, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
2Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kornel.burg{at}arcs.ac.at

Genotypic instability is commonly observed in plants derived from tissue culture and is at least partly due to in vitro-induced stress. In this work, the issues of whether genetic instability induced by in vitro stress varies among families and if genetic instability influences the adaptation to in vitro conditions and embryo development have been addressed. By comparing the stability of four variable nuclear microsatellite loci in embryogenic cultures and zygotic embryos of Pinus sylvestris, a significant difference in genetic stability among families was found. In six out of 10 families analysed, the level of genetic stability was similar between somatic and zygotic embryos. However, for the rest of the families, the mutation rate was significantly higher during somatic embryogenesis. Families showing a low genetic stability during establishment of embryogenic cultures had a higher embryogenic potential than those which were genetically more stable. In contrast, embryo development was suppressed in genetically unstable families. The relatively high mutation rates found for some families might reflect the plasticity of the families to adapt to stress, which is important for widely distributed species such as Pinus sylvestris.

Key words: Embryogenesis, genetic stability, microsatellite mutation, Pinus sylvestris


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