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JXB Advance Access published online on December 22, 2006
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erl254
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© The Author [2006]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

RESEARCH PAPER

Synthesis, transport and accumulation of quinolizidine alkaloids in Lupinus albus L. and L. angustifolius L.

Matthew J. Lee1,*, John S. Pate1, David J. Harris2 and Craig A. Atkins1,*

1School of Plant Biology, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6907, Australia
2Chemistry Centre of Western Australia, 150 Hay Street, East Perth, Western Australia 6007, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m.lee{at}murdoch.edu.au or catkins{at}cyllene.uwa.edu.au

Each of the principal quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) found in both xylem and phloem exudates together with extracts from all component organs collected from bitter (cv. Lupini) and sweet (cv. Ultra) cultivars of Lupinus albus L. were quantified by gas chromatographic analyses throughout reproductive development. In addition to establishing the major translocated QA species estimates for fluxes of QA to developing fruits based on their sap composition and water economy showed that around half of the QA that accumulated in fruit tissues was due to synthesis in situ and half to translocation principally by phloem. Detailed analyses of QA in transport fluids and component organs were extended to reciprocal homo- and hetero-grafts using bitter (cv. Fest) and sweet (cv. Danja) cultivars of L. angustifolius L. These data confirmed that the majority of QA were synthesized in shoot tissues. In both lupin species feeding and analysis of deuterated QA (lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine) were used as tracers to demonstrate direct redistribution of alkaloids by translocation from mature leaves in phloem.

Key words: Alkaloid, GC/MS, Lupinus, quinolizidine, synthesis, transport


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