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JXB Advance Access published online on June 23, 2009
Journal of Experimental Botany, doi:10.1093/jxb/erp207
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© The Author [2009]. Published by Oxford University Press [on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology]. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Plant Culture

Symbolism of plants: examples from European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art

Riklef Kandeler1 and Wolfram R. Ullrich2,*

1Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Gregor Mendelstr. 33, 1180 Wien, Austria
2Institute of Botany, Darmstadt University of Technology, Kirchbergweg 6, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed: E-mail: ullrichcw@online.de

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.


   AUGUST: Bittersweet, woody nightshade
 
In late summer fewer wild plants are flowering in temperate latitudes. For this month we chose a much less conspicuous plant, bittersweet, a vine with small, but conspicuous violet and yellow flowers. The reasons for its symbolic value are less apparent than for others of these monthly presentations, and lie in its arsenal of secondary . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   Biology
 

   Symbolism
 

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