Cover illustration: An Arabidopsis leaf infected with the adapted powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum. (Top inset panel) A haustorium (white lobed structure) formed by the non-adapted powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh) in an epidermal cell of the Arabidopsis pen3 mutant stained for callose with the dye aniline blue. (Middle inset panel) Focal accumulation of a GFP fusion to the Arabidopsis PEN3 ABC transporter at the site of attempted penetration of an epidermal cell by a Bgh appressorium (fungal structures stained red). (Lower inset panel) Model depicting the role of the Arabidopsis PEN proteins and MLO in penetration resistance against non-adapted powdery mildew fungi. (Images and layout by W Underwood; see Underwood and Somerville, pp. 3501-3508.)
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