Cover illustration: After bark girdling on a large scale (1-2 m), Eucommia ulmoides trees will grow new bark within one month and continue to grow normally. The bark regeneration process includes callus, new sieve elements (SEs), and wound cambium formation. The newly formed functional SEs appear earlier than wound cambium recovery, and they may not be derived from the wound cambium but from the immature xylem cells. Some immature xylem cells were expected to transdifferentiate into phloem mother cells and subsequently differentiated into SEs. This bark regeneration system could provide a novel method for studying xylem and phloem cell differentiation. (See Pang et al., pp.1341-1351.)
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